读心术：从零知识证明中提取「知识」——探索零知识证明系列(15)

If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things. 如果你是一个真正的真理探求者，在你人生中至少要有一次，尽可能地质疑所有的事情。 —— 笛卡尔
本文作者郭宇
致谢：特别感谢 Shengchao Ding, Jie Zhang，Yu Chen 以及安比实验室小伙伴们(p0n1, even, aphasiayc, Vawheter, yghu, mr)的建议和指正。
参考文献
[1] zkPoD: 区块链，零知识证明与形式化验证，实现无中介、零信任的公平交易. 安比实验室. 2019.[2] Hoffstein, Jeffrey, Jill Pipher, Joseph H. Silverman, and Joseph H. Silverman. An introduction to mathematical cryptography. Vol. 1. New York: springer, 2008.[3] Schwartz–Zippel Lemma. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartz–Zippel_lemma[4] Damgrd, Ivan. "On Σ-protocols." Lecture Notes, University of Aarhus, Department for Computer Science(2002).[5] Schnorr, Claus-Peter. "Efficient signature generation by smart cards." Journal of cryptology4.3 (1991): 161-174.[6] Brown, Daniel RL. "Generic groups, collision resistance, and ECDSA." Designs, Codes and Cryptography35.1 (2005): 119-152.[7] 笛卡儿, 徐陶. 第一哲学沉思集. 九州出版社; 2008.[8] Bostrom, Nick. "Are we living in a computer simulation?." The Philosophical Quarterly 53.211 (2003): 243-255.[9] Nick Statt. "Comma.ai founder George Hotz wants to free humanity from the AI simulation". Mar 9, 2019. https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/9/18258030/george-hotz-ai-simulation-jailbreaking-reality-sxsw-2019[10] doing@知乎. "如果世界是虚拟的，有哪些实例可以证明？