充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(16)

几年前，在马里兰大学存在学生作弊的问题，所以他们创建了一个信誉系统。他们与当地商人一同创建了一个项目，那就是，如果你签署了信誉保证一份不作弊的保证书，你会在当地商店享受10%到25%的折扣。
Well what would you think of someone motivated to uphold an honor code with the hope of discounts? It"s the same as Kant"s shopkeeper.
你们会怎么看待那些被折扣吸引才去遵守行为准则的人呢？这和康德所举店主的例子是一样的。
The point is, what matters is the quality of the will, the character of the motive and the relative motive to morality can only be the motive of duty, not the motive of inclination.
And when I act out of duty, when I resist as my motive for acting inclinations or self-interest, even sympathy and altruism, only then am I acting freely, only then am I acting autonomously, only then is my will not determined or governed by external considerations, that"s the link between Kant"s idea of freedom and of morality.
Now, I want to pause here to see if all of this is clear or if you have some questions or puzzles.
重要的是意愿好坏，是动机特征，而与道德有关的动机只能是职责动机，而不是爱好动机。当我出于职责行动时，当我拒绝出于个人爱好或自身利益，甚至同情和利他主义时，只有那时，我的行为才是真正自由的；只有那时，我的行为才是自主的；只有那时，我的意志才不是被外部因素所决定或控制。这就是康德认为的自由和道德之间的联系。现在我想在这里停一下，看看大家是否都明白了或有什么问题或困惑。