充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(3)

康德反对功利主义。他认为，每个个体，所有人类都拥有一定尊严，人们必须尊重。
The reason the individual is sacred or the bearer of rights, according to Kant, doesn"t stem from the idea that we own ourselves but instead from the idea that we are all rational beings. We"re all rational beings, which simply means that we are beings who are capable of reason.
个体神圣不可侵犯或是拥有权利的原因在康德看来，并不是源于“我们是自己主人”这一理念，而是源于“我们都是理性存在”这一观点。我们都是理性存在，意思是我们是拥有理性能力的存在。
We are also autonomous beings, which is to say that we are beings capable of acting and choosing freely. Now, this capacity for reason and freedom isn"t the only capacity we have.
我们也是自主存在的个体，也就是说，我们能够依据自己的意愿自由行动和进行选择。这种理性和自由并非我们拥有的唯一能力。
We also have the capacity for pain and pleasure, for suffering and satisfaction. Kant admits the utilitarians were half right.
我们也有感受烦恼与快乐的能力，感受痛苦与满足的能力。康德承认功利主义者们的观点是部分正确的。
Of course, we seek to avoid pain and we like pleasure, Kant doesn"t deny this. What he does deny is Bentham"s claim that pain and pleasure are our sovereign masters.