充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(12)

Well, what"s the opposite of doing something out of a sense of duty because it"s right? Well for Kant, the opposite would be all of those motives having to do with our inclinations.
那么由于感到正确，而出于职责感去做某件事情的相反面又是什么呢？对康德而言，反面就是所有那些与我们的爱好有关的动机。
And inclinations refer to all of our desires, all of our contingently given wants, preferences, impulses, and the like. Only actions done for the sake of the moral law, for the sake of duty, only these actions have moral worth.
爱好是指我们所有的欲望，所有偶然的特定需求、偏好、冲动等等。只有出于道德法则目的，出于职责的行为，只有这些行为才具有道德价值。
Now, I want to see what you think about this idea but first let"s consider a few examples. Kant begins with an example of a shopkeeper.
我想要知道大家是怎么理解这个概念的，但首先让我们来思考一些例子。康德举过一个店主的例子。
He wants to bring out the intuition and make plausible the idea that what confers moral worth on an action is that it be done because it"s right. He says suppose there"s a shopkeeper and an inexperienced customer comes in.
他想要引出这一直觉，并证明他的观点，行为之所以有道德价值，是因为行为本身正确。他假设有个店主，然后一位外行顾客进到他到店里。