充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(13)

The shopkeeper knows that he could give the customer the wrong change, could shortchange the customer and get away with it; at least that customer wouldn"t know. But the shopkeeper nonetheless says, "Well, if I shortchange this customer, word may get out, my reputation would be damaged, and I would lose business, so I won"t shortchange this customer."
店主知道他可以给那名顾客找错零钱，给他少找些钱，并且可以逃过处罚；至少那顾客不会知道。但是店主依然会琢磨，“如果我给这个顾客少找了钱，也许会有传言，我的名誉会受到损害，这样我也就没生意做了，所以我不会给这名顾客少找钱。”
The shopkeeper does nothing wrong, he gives the correct change, but does his action have moral worth? Kant says no.
店主没有做任何错事，他找了正确的钱，但他的行为具有道德价值吗？康德认为没有。
It doesn"t have moral worth, because the shopkeeper only did the right thing for the wrong reason, out of self-interest. That"s a pretty straightforward case.
它没有道德价值，因为店主是做了正确的事，但是出于错的原因，是出于自身利益。这是个非常直截了当的例子。
Then he takes another case, the case of suicide. He says we have a duty to preserve ourselves.
然后他又举了另一个例子，自杀的例子。他认为我们有保护自己的职责。