充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(10)

It would still be using people, even where the calculus works out for the best in the long run, it would still be using people as means rather than respecting them as ends in themselves.
即使这种说法正确，这种的演算可行，即使不应当让基督徒与狮子搏斗，因为长远来看，恐惧会扩散，整体功利会下降，功利主义者秉持公正和权利并尊重他人的最终原因，还是错误的，是出于一个纯偶然的原因，一种工具理性。这还是在利用人，即使这种解释长远来看还是有益处的，也依然是把他人当做手段来利用，而不是出于目的本身去尊重他们。
So, that"s Kant"s idea of freedom as autonomy. And you can begin to see how it"s connected to his idea of morality.
这就是康德对自律意义上自由的看法。大家现在可以看看它是如何与康德的道德概念联系在一起的。
But we still have to answer one more question, what gives an act its moral worth in the first place? If it can"t be directed that utility or satisfying wants and desires, what gives an action its moral worth?
但我们还是必须回答另一个问题，是什么最先赋予行为以道德价值？如果不是功利或有待满足的愿望与欲望，那是什么赋予行为以道德价值？
This leads us from Kant"s demanding idea of freedom to his demanding idea of morality. What does Kant say?
这个问题把我们从康德严格的自由概念带到了他严格的道德概念上来。康德是怎么说的呢？
What makes an action morally worthy consists not in the consequences or in the results that flow from it, what makes an action morally worthy has to do with the motive, with the quality of the will, with the intention for which the act is done. What matters is the motive and the motive must be of a certain kind.