充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(8)

他也给道德下了一个严格的定义。自由行动并非为了既定目的选择最佳手段。而是去选择目的本身。
And that"s something that human beings can do and that billiard balls can"t. In so far as we act on inclination or pursue pleasure, we act as means to the realization of ends given outside us.
这是人类可以做到而弹子球不能的事情。所以当我们因爱好或追求快乐去行动，我们只是实现一定外来目的手段。
We are instruments rather than authors of the purposes we pursue. That"s the heteronymous determination of the will.
我们是工具，而非我们所追求目标的创造者。这是他律界定的意志。
On the other hand, in so far as we act autonomously, according to a law we give ourselves, we do something for its own sake as an end in itself. When we act autonomously, we cease to be instruments to purposes given outside us, we become, or we can come to think of ourselves as ends in ourselves.
另一方面，当我们按照自己制定的法则自主行动时，我们是出于目的本身来做某件事情。当我们自主行动时，我们不再是外来目的实现手段，我们是或可以认为自己就是目的本身。
This capacity to act freely, Kant tells us, is what gives human life its special dignity. Respecting human dignity means regarding persons not just as means but also as ends in themselves.