充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(7)

When I act heteronomously, I"m acting according to an inclination or a desire that I haven"t chosen for myself. So, freedom as autonomy is an especially stringent idea that Kant insists on.
当我依据他律法则行动时，我所依据的意愿或欲望并非是我自己选择的。所以，自律意义上的自由是康德始终坚持的一个非常严格的概念。
Now, why is autonomy the opposite of acting heteronomously or according to the dictates of nature? Kant"s point is that nature is governed by laws, laws of cause and effect for example.
那为什么自律和他律是相反的，或者说自律是受本性所支配的？康德的观点是，本能受控于法则，例如因果关系法则。
Suppose you drop a billiard ball, it falls to the ground; we wouldn"t say the billiard ball is acting freely. Why not?
假设你扔了个弹子球，它掉到地上，我们不会说弹子球是在自由行动。为什么不是呢？
It"s acting according to the law of nature, according to the laws of cause and effect, the law of gravity. And just as he has an unusually demanding and stringent conception of freedom, freedom as autonomy.
因为它在按照自然法则行动，按照因果关系法则，按照万有引力行动。正如他给自由下了一个非常严格的定义，自律意义上的自由。
He also has a demanding conception of morality. To act freely is not to choose the best means to a given end; it"s to choose the end itself for its own sake.