充满智慧、幽默的哈佛大学公开课-第11讲服从你的动机(9)

康德认为，就是这种自由行动的能力赋予了人类特殊的尊严。尊重人类尊严意味着不只把人当手段看待，还应当目的本身看待。
And this is why it"s wrong to use people for the sake of other peoples" well-being or happiness. This is the real reason, Kant says, that utilitarianism goes wrong.
这就是为什么即便是为了他人健康与幸福而去利用他人仍然有失妥当。康德说，这是功利主义之所以错误的真正原因。
This is the reason it"s important to respect the dignity of persons and to uphold their rights. So, even if there are cases, remember John Stuart Mill "Well, in the long run, if we uphold justice and respect the dignity of persons, we will maximize human happiness."
这就是尊重个体尊严和维护个体权利之所以重要的原因。所以即使在有些例子中，记得穆勒曾说过，“长远来看，如果我们秉持公正，并且尊重个人尊严，我们将会使人类幸福最大化。”
What would Kant"s answer be to that? What would his answer be?
康德又会怎样回应这句话呢？他会怎样回应？
Even if that were true, even if the calculus worked out that way, even if you shouldn"t throw the Christian"s to the lions because in the long run fear will spread, the overall utility will decline, the utilitarian would be upholding justice and right and respect for persons for the wrong reason, for a purely a contingent reason, for an instrumental reason.